The availability of noninvasive high-resolution imaging technology, the immune-suppressive nature of the subretinal space, and the existence of surgical techniques that permit transplantation surgery to be a safe procedure all render the eye an ideal organ in which to begin cell-based therapy in the central nervous system. A number of early stage clinical trials are underway to assess the safety and feasibility of cell-based therapy for retinal blindness. Cell-based therapy using embryonic stem cell-derived differentiated cells (e.g., retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)), neural progenitor cells, photoreceptor precursors, and bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells has demonstrated successful rescue and/or replacement in preclinical models of human retinal degenerative disease. Additional research is needed to identify the mechanisms that control synapse formation/disjunction (to improve photoreceptor transplant efficacy), to identify factors that limit RPE survival in areas of geographic atrophy (to improve RPE transplant efficacy in eyes with age-related macular degeneration), and to identify factors that regulate immune surveillance of the subretinal space (to improve long-term photoreceptor and RPE transplant survival).
CITATION STYLE
Zarbin, M. (2019). Cell-Based Therapy for Retinal Disease: The New Frontier. In Methods in Molecular Biology (Vol. 1834, pp. 367–381). Humana Press Inc. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8669-9_23
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