Systematic reviews and meta-analyses in surgery

Abstract

Abstract The exponential rise in published medical research on a yearly basis demands a method to summarise best evidence towards its application to patient care in clinical practice. A robust meta-analysis is a valid tool. It is often considered to be a simple process of pooling results from different studies. However, this is not true. This chapter provides a structural framework to perform a meta-analysis. It guides the clinician on a journey from the identification of the correct clinical question to data analysis and through to producing a structured report. It also highlights the limitations and pitfalls associated with the meta-analytical technique. Solutions to these problems are also offered. We also briefly describe the newer methods of meta-analysis. While meta-analyses of homogeneous studies are the highest form of evidence, poorly conducted meta-analyses create confusion and serve to harm the patient. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010.