Occupied electronic states are effectively probed by photoelectron spectroscopy as already explained. On the other hand, unoccupied electronic states can be probed either by the absorption spectroscopy or by the inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES) to be explained in this chapter.
CITATION STYLE
Suga, S., Sekiyama, A., & Tusche, C. (2021). Inverse Photoemission. In Springer Series in Surface Sciences (Vol. 72, pp. 427–448). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64073-6_13
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