Dietary amino acid deficiency reduces the utilization of amino acids for growth in growing pigs after a period of poor health

Abstract

Background: During immune system activation, partitioning of amino acids (AAs) changes between protein gain and use by the immune system. Objective: Wedetermined the effects of health status and dietary AA deficiency on nitrogen retention and AA utilization in pigs. Methods: Barrows (55 d of age) were obtained from good health (GH, n 514) or poor health (PH, n 514) status farms and allocated to a diet either adequate in essential amino acids (Adq) or 25% deficient in Met + Cys, Thr, and Trp (Def). Nitrogen balancewasmeasured and AA irreversible loss rates (ILRs)weremeasured after an intravenous bolus of U-13C-labeled L-AAs. Results: On arrival at the experimental facilities, the PH pigs had 14% lower serumalbumin and 50%greater serum haptoglobin and blood leukocyte counts than the GH pigs (P < 0.01), but the PH pigs showed signs of recovery during the trial. Total tract nitrogen digestibility was × percentage points lower in the PH pigs (P < 0.01). The PH-Adq pigs had compensatory body weight gain after arrival, coinciding with 7% greater nitrogen retention (P < 0.01) in the PH pigs than in the GH pigs. The PH pigs had a 24% greater ILR for Lys. Health status × diet interactions for Lys (P = 0.07), Val (P = 0.03), and Leu (P = 0.10) pool sizes and a greater urea pool size in the PH pigs (P = 0.01) support the observation that the increase in the ILR of Lys in the PH pigs was related to oxidation when feeding the Def diet, but to synthesis when feeding the Adq diet. Feeding Def diets increased monocyte counts by 30% (P < 0.01). Conclusions: This study illustrates how the competition for AAs between protein synthesis associated with immune system activation and body protein deposition is greater when the dietary supply of Met + Cys, Thr, and Trp is limited in pigs during and after a period of poor health.