Nutrition in pregnancy – impact on anaemia in pregnant women

Abstract

Aim: Most pregnant women can achieve their caloric and nutritional needs by careful food choices during pregnancy, but there are fairly common situations when pregnant women develop anaemia, which needs to be managed properly to avoid maternal-foetal complications. The main objective of the study was to identify the nutritional factors favoring the occurrence of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnant women. Methods: Data collection for the cross-sectional study was carried out using a questionnaire that provided information on nutrition and risk factors during pregnancy in a group of patients from Suceava. The questionnaire was given to pregnant women admitted to the Emergency County Hospital „Sfântul Ioan cel Nou” Suceava, Romania, between March and May 2017. Results: The anaemia occured in 46.3% of pregnant women. Although 22.2% of pregnant women received oral iron supplementation, effects on anaemia correction were not observed (p=0.02). We found that weight status did not influence anaemic status (p=0.51), and the presence of anaemia in pregnancy was independent of risk factors for pregnancy (smoking, p=0.05; alcohol consumption, p=0.66), iron absorption inhibitors in the diet (coffee, p=0.33; tea, p=0.53), water intake (p=0.52) or night eating (p=0.27). Conclusions: The results of dietary survey showed no direct link between the prevalence of anaemia and nutritional factors. Lower pre-pregnancy BMI was not associated with higher risk of iron deficiency anaemia, and daily iron supplementation during pregnancy did not meet the needs to counteract the anaemic syndrome. Nutrition education is particularly important for the prophylaxis of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnant women.