Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for IgM antibodies to Treponema pallidum in syphilis in man

Abstract

An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of immunoglobulin M. (IgM) antibodies to Treponemapallidum was investigated for specificity and sensitivity. Using the results in serum from 1 192 patients with successfully treated syphilis, the assay was calculated to be about 970Wo specific. As in any other IgM enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), rheumatoid factor played an important part in causing false positive results. Pre-absorption of serum with aggregated IgG was therefore necessary to perform the test. Evaluation of the results in serum from 385 patients with untreated primary, secondary, and latent syphilis as well as patients with untreated reinfections showed that the sensitivity of the assay depended on the stage of infection and varied between 98Wo and 93%o. IgM antibody titres were about ten times higher in the EIA than in the indirect immunofluorescence assay using the IgM fractions of serum. From the results it may be concluded that the EIA is an appropriate technique not only for rapid and sensitive measurement of 1gM antibodies in most patients with untreated syphilis but also for selecting treponemal IgM non-reactive patients.