Photophobia in neurologic disorders

Abstract

Photophobia is a common symptom seen in many neurologic disorders, however, its pathophysiology remains unclear. Even the term is ambiguous. In this paper, we review the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of photophobia in neurological disorders, including primary headache, blepharospasm, progressive supranuclear palsy, and traumatic brain injury, discuss the definition, etiology and pathogenesis, and summarize practical methods of diagnosis and treatment.