The Potential for Degradation of Landscape Function and Cultural Values Following the Extinction of Mitika (Bettongia Lesueur) in Central Australia

Abstract

This paper canvasses the implications of declining biodiversity in the context of landscape degradation in Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, Northern Territory, following the regional extinction of mitika. Field studies undertaken to gain more detailed insights into the landscape ecology of these mesomarsupials are described. These studies were based on the hypothesis that the original distribution, approximate densities and habitat preferences of mitika could be delineated by mapping relict warrens, most of which had subsequently been usurped by rabbits. Data collected included locations, dimensions, entrances (active and passive), habitat geology, and local vegetation. Landscape function analyses demonstrated that relict mitika warrens continue to play a significant role as major obstruction elements capable of trapping and retaining rainfall and soil nutrients. The results illustrate how these high fertility patches contribute significantly to mesoscale landscape heterogeneity and primary productivity. Traditional owners are also concerned about degradation of cultural values in these landscapes following the demise of mitika. Local knowledge of these animals, still extant in Uluru-Kata Tjuta up until the early 1950s, was therefore recorded during discussions in the field with senior Anangu. The possibility of eventually re-introducing this culturally significant species back into appropriate landscapes in Uluru-Kata Tjuta is briefly discussed.