Biomarker Response of Ocean Acidification Induced Hypercapnia on Marine Bivalve Donax cuneatus, Linnaeus 1758

  • Muthusamy A
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Abstract

The present study reports the investigation of the sub lethal impacts of ocean acidification induced hypercapnia (pH 7.5 and 7.0) and leakage of sub sea bed Carbon Dioxide storage sites (pH 6.5-5.5) on marine bivalve Donax cuneatus, Linnaeus 1758 collected from the Gulf of Mannar province. Fifteen days experiment was carried out in laboratory microcosms in a closely monitored environment. The impacts of Hypercapnia on Biomarker enzymes indicating neurotoxicity (Acetylcholinesterase), oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation and catalase) and phase II biotransformation of xenobiotics (glutathione S transferase, and reduced glutathione) were estimated. The increase in lipid peroxidation and catalase activities suggest hypercapnia induced oxidative stress. The decreasing pH also increased the activity of reduced glutathione and glutathione S transferase which acts as detoxifying enzymes for Hypercapnia induced toxicity however the hypercapnic conditions inhibited the levels of acetylcholine esterase which indicates the polluted environment substantiating stress induced high rate of mortality at low pH levels. The above used biomarkers thus provide a valuable tool for monitoring ocean acidification induced hypercapnic stress at a sublethal level.

Figures

  • Figure 1: (a) Mean changes in the temperature of the microcosm chambers with respect to pH (b) Mean changes in the salinity of the microcosm chambers with respect to pH (c) Mean changes in the TA of the microcosm chambers with respect to pH (d) Mean changes in the DO levels of the microcosm chambers with respect to pH.
  • Figure 2: % mortality of Donax cuneatus exposed to the nominal pH regimes.
  • Figure 3: (a) Impacts of Hypercapnia on total protein concentration. (b) Impacts of hypercapnia on AchE activity. (c) Impacts of hypercapnia on CAT activity. (d) Impacts of hypercapnia on GST activity. (e) Impacts of hypercapnia on lipid peroxidation (f) Impacts of hypercapnia on RG activity.
  • Table 1: Two Way ANOVA on the effects of hypercapnia on seawater variables across pH and time.
  • Table 2: One way ANOVA on the effects of hypercapnia on biomarkers.
  • Table 3: Regression analysis of the effects of hypercapnia on biomarkers and protein.

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APA

Muthusamy, A. (2016). Biomarker Response of Ocean Acidification Induced Hypercapnia on Marine Bivalve Donax cuneatus, Linnaeus 1758. Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.15406/jamb.2016.04.00077

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