Facet Dependence of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Co3O4, CoFe2O4, and Fe3O4 Epitaxial Film Electrocatalysts

Abstract

The main obstacle for the electrocatalytic production of “green hydrogen” is finding suitable electrocatalysts which operate highly efficiently over extended periods of time. The topic of this study is the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), one of the half-reactions of water splitting. It is complex and has intricate kinetics, which impairs the reaction efficiency. Transition metal oxides have shown potential as electrocatalysts for this reaction, but much remains unknown about the atomic scale processes. We have investigated structure-composition-reactivity correlations for Co3O4, CoFe2O4, and Fe3O4 epitaxial thin-film electrocatalysts exposing either the (001) or (111) surface facets. We found that for Co3O4, the (001) facet is more reactive, while for the other oxides, the (111) facet is more active. A Tafel-like evaluation reveals systematically smaller “Tafel” slopes for the (001) facets. Furthermore, the slopes are smaller for the iron-containing films. Additionally, we found that the oxyhydroxide skin layer which forms under OER reaction conditions is thicker on the cobalt oxides than on the other oxides, which we attribute to either a different density of surface defects or to iron hindering the growth of the skin layers. All studied skin layers were thinner than 1 nm.