Arresto cardiocircolatorio

Abstract

Cardiac arrest implies sudden stop of pump function, owing to an arrhythmic or mechanic event. In children, arrhythmias rarely occur and most frequently cardiac arrest in out-of-hospital settings is related to severe pulmonary failure or SIDS. Prognosis is considered to be poor, not only in order to survival but also as far as neurological outcomes are concerned; resuscitation efficacy and arrest prevention seem to be crucial in order to both issues. Main diagnostic elements include unconsciousness and absence of pulse, two signs which prompt immediate start of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. Further therapy includes establishing vascular access, epinephrine infusion (standard or high dose schedule), while the use of bicarbonate and calcium is still controversial. Specific problems and procedures related to asystole, electromechanical dissociation and ventricular fibrillation will be summarised.