Ethics, Policy, and Risk Assessment of the Cotopaxi Volcanic Crisis in Ecuador—Vulnerable Society Versus Unprepared Volcanic Monitoring Staff and Authorities

Abstract

… The associated ash precipitation caused the closure of a variety of airports including Manta and Guayaquil. However, no airport has been warned for about eight hours after the eruption took place causing the return or deviation of several flights from Quito to Guayaquil, while …