Synchronization of optical networks an overview of network-level synchronization

Abstract

The branch of network engineering that studies the distribution and quality of clock signals that are used in the public telecommunications network calls itself synchronization network engineering. In today's telecommunications networks, the clocks in transmission and switching equipment are often required to operate at equal or almost equal frequencies in order to transport signals between them that carry digital information and to do so without introducing single bit errors or bursts of errors. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.