Label-free Assessment of the Nascent State of Rat Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Using Spontaneous Raman Microscopy

Abstract

Spontaneous Raman microscopy, which can detect molecular vibrations in cells and tissues, could be a useful tool for the label-free assessment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, it is unclear whether it can be used to evaluate the nascent state of NAFLD. To address this, we analyzed the Raman spectra of rat liver tissues in the nascent state of NAFLD upon excitation at 532 nm. Raman and histochemical analyses were performed of liver tissues from rats fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD). Raman microscopic imaging analysis of formalin-fixed thin tissue slices showed hepatic steatosis, as revealed by the Raman band at 2,854 cm−1, whereas lipid droplets were not detectable by hematoxylin-eosin staining of images until 3 days after feeding a HFHCD. Raman signals of retinol at 1,588 cm−1 emitted from hepatic stellate cells were distributed alongside hepatic cords; the retinol content rapidly decreased after feeding a HFHCD, whereas hepatic lipid content increased inversely. Raman microscopic analysis of the surface of fresh ex vivo livers enabled early detection of lipid accumulation after a 1-day feeding a HFHCD. In conclusion, spontaneous Raman microscopy can be applied to the label-free evaluation of the nascent state of NAFLD liver tissues.