Vitamin C may exert variable effects on viability and proliferation of HeLa cells exhibiting high and low chromosomal instability

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Abstract

Background. Chromosomal instability (CIN), defined as abnormality in chromosome structure or number, is the hallmark of malignancies. The role of vitamin C in cancer treatment is controversial and its effect on CIN is still an open field of research. In this work, we tried to study the effect of high-dose L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) on CIN-induced (CINhi = CIN high) and non-CIN-induced (CINlo = CIN low) cervical cancer cells. Objectives. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of high-dose L-AA on CIN in the cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) cells. Material and methods. The HeLa cells (CINhi and CINlo) were treated with 2 doses (5 mM and 8 mM) of L-AA for 24 h and 48 h. They were then analyzed by micronucleus (MN) scoring, cell ploidy and flow cy-tometry, the latter regarding γH2AX expression. Cell viability was assessed by the methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) and Annexin V assays. Results. Treatment of CINhi cells with L-AA led to a decrease in MN score (colchicine - 71.5 ±4.95, 67.5 ±0.71; L-AA (5 mM) - 49 ±7.07, 46.5 ±4.95; L-AA (8 mM) - 42 ±9.89, 41 ±1.41, at 24 h and 48 h, respectively; p < 0.05). Treatment of CINlo cells with L-AA resulted in increased MN score (5 mM - 45 ±7.07, 36 ±4.24; 8 mM - 34.5 ±4.95, 31 ±1.41, at 24 h and 48 h, respectively; control - 15.5 ±0.71, 12.5 ±0.71; p < 0.05) and reduction in cancer cell viability (control - 100%; L-AA (5 mM) - 76.32% ±28.73, 72.74% ±20.30; L-AA (8 mM) - 66.14% ±19.13, 66.99% ±19.99, at 24 h and 48 h, respectively; p < 0.05). The expression of γH2AX was high in both groups at 48 h (mean CINhi = 19.42%, CINlo = 21.14%; control = 1.19% and 1.58%, respectively) with the 8 mM dose of L-AA. Conclusions. L-ascorbic acid was found to have a differential effect on CINhi and CINlo HeLa cells, which may be due to differences in oxidation status of these 2 categories.

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Sindhwani, A., Muthusammy, S., & Bhatia, A. (2019). Vitamin C may exert variable effects on viability and proliferation of HeLa cells exhibiting high and low chromosomal instability. Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 28(1), 19–24. https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/76870

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