Central blockade of salusin β attenuates hypertension and hypothalamic inflammation in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Abstract

Salusin β is a multifunctional bioactive peptide and is considered as a promising candidate biomarker for predicting atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the roles and mechanisms of salusin β in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in attenuating hypertension and hypothalamic inflammation and whether central salusin β blockade has protective effects in essential hypertension. Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were used in this study. The rats were chronic PVN infusion either specific salusin β blocker, antisalusin β IgG (SIgG), or control IgG (CIgG) for 2 weeks. Hypertensive rats had significantly increased salusin β expression compared with normotensive rats. Central blockade of salusin β attenuated hypertension, reduced circulating norepinephrine (NE) levels, and improved cardiac hypertrophy and function in hypertensive rats. Salusin β blockade significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokines (PICs), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and altered renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components in the PVN of hypertensive rats. These findings suggest that the beneficial effects of salusin β blockade in essential hypertension are possibly due to down-regulate of inflammatory molecules and ROS in the PVN.