Early Divergence of Fcε Receptor I Signals for Receptor Up-Regulation and Internalization from Degranulation, Cytokine Production, and Survival

Abstract

Mast cells play a critical role in IgE-dependent immediate hypersensitivity. Monomeric IgE binding to its high affinity receptor (FcεRI) results in a number of biological outcomes in mouse mast cells, including increased surface expression of FcεRI and enhanced survival. IgE molecules display heterogeneity in inducing cytokine production; highly cytokinergic IgEs cause extensive FcεRI aggregation, leading to potent enhancement of survival and other activation events, whereas poorly cytokinergic IgEs can do so less efficiently. In this study, we demonstrate that IgE-induced receptor up-regulation is not sensitive to monovalent hapten, which can prevent receptor aggregation induced by IgE, whereas other activation events such as receptor internalization, degranulation, IL-6 production, and survival are sensitive to monovalent hapten. IgE-induced receptor up-regulation is also unique in that no Src family kinases, Syk, or Btk are required for it. By contrast, highly cytokinergic IgE-induced receptor internalization is dependent on Lyn, but not other Src family kinases, Syk, or Btk, whereas degranulation, IL-6 production, and survival require Syk. Weak to moderate stimulation with IgE plus anti-IgE or IgE plus Ag enhances survival, while stronger signals are required for degranulation and IL-6 production. Collectively, signals emanated from IgE-bound FcεRI for receptor up-regulation and internalization are shown to diverge at the receptor or receptor-proximal levels from those for other biological outcomes.