Inflammation enhances consumption and presentation of transfused RBC antigens by dendritic cells

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Abstract

Factors regulating which patients become alloimmunized to red blood cell (RBC) antigens are poorly understood. Using a murine model of transfusion, we recently reported that viral-like inflammation with polyinosinic polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] significantly enhances RBC alloimmunization. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that poly (I:C) exerts this effect, at least in part, at the level of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Using a novel in vivo method, we report that in the noninflamed state, most transfused RBCs were consumed by splenic macrophages, with only trace consumption by splenic dendritic cells (DCs). To a lesser extent, RBCs were also consumed by APCs in the liver. However, unlike soluble antigens, no RBCs were consumed by APCs in the lymph nodes. Inflammation with poly (I:C) induced significant consumption of transfused RBCs by splenic DCs, with a concomitant increase in costimulatory molecule expression. Moreover, this resulted in increased proliferation of CD4+ T cells specific for the mHEL RBC alloantigen. Finally, splenectomy abrogated the enhancing effects of poly (I:C) on RBC alloimmunization. Together, these data provide additional insight into the nature of transfused RBCs as an immunogen and provide a mechanism by which viral-like inflammation enhances alloimmunization to transfused RBCs. © 2007 by The American Society of Hematology.

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Hendrickson, J. E., Chadwick, T. E., Roback, J. D., Hillyer, C. D., & Zimring, J. C. (2007). Inflammation enhances consumption and presentation of transfused RBC antigens by dendritic cells. Blood, 110(7), 2736–2743. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-03-083105

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