The Power of Movement: Integrating Exercise

Abstract

Sedentary behaviour and physical inactivity have been found to be associated with an increased risk of developing a range of cancers as well as other chronic illnesses. Physical inactivity is also associated with overweight and obesity, themselves risk factors for cancer. There is substantial evidence that physical activity can protect against the development of cancer, and in those diagnosed with cancer, reduce the risk of dying from all causes as well as the actual cancer. Much research has been conducted into the effects of exercise in relation to three major forms of cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer and the results are convincing. Physical exercise has also been found to have positive effects on the many symptoms and signs that accompany cancer and its treatment, including cancer-related fatigue, insomnia, depression, pain, cognitive impairment and cachexia. Major authorities in the US advise that in general exercise during and after treatment for cancer is safe and beneficial, with some caveats and precautions that should be taken into account. There are some principles that can guide incorporation of exercise into a cancer patient’s Wellness Plan, and supporting behavioural change in patients who have previously not been physically active will be important. Accredited exercise physiologists are able to tailor or individualise exercise plans for cancer patients and are valuable members of a patient’s cancer management team.