Advances in Targeted Therapies for Pediatric Brain Tumors

19Citations
Citations of this article
41Readers
Mendeley users who have this article in their library.

This article is free to access.

Abstract

Purpose of Review: Over the last years, our understanding of the molecular biology of pediatric brain tumors has vastly improved. This has led to more narrowly defined subgroups of these tumors and has created new potential targets for molecularly driven therapies. This review presents an overview of the latest advances and challenges of implementing targeted therapies into the clinical management of pediatric brain tumors, with a focus on gliomas, craniopharyngiomas, and medulloblastomas. Recent Findings: Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG) show generally a low mutational burden with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling presenting a key driver for these tumors. Direct inhibition of this pathway through BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors has proven to be a clinically relevant strategy. More recently, MEK and IL-6 receptor inhibitors have started to be evaluated in the treatment for craniopharyngiomas. Aside these low-grade tumors, pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) and medulloblastomas exhibit substantially greater molecular heterogeneity with various and sometimes unknown tumor driver alterations. The clinical benefit of different targeted therapy approaches to interfere with altered signaling pathways and restore epigenetic dysregulation is undergoing active clinical testing. For these multiple pathway-driven tumors, combination strategies will most likely be required to achieve clinical benefit. Summary: The field of pediatric neuro-oncology made tremendous progress with regard to improved diagnosis setting the stage for precision medicine approaches over the last decades. The potential of targeted therapies has been clearly demonstrated for a subset of pediatric brain tumors. However, despite clear response rates, questions of sufficient blood-brain barrier penetration, optimal dosing, treatment duration as well as mechanisms of resistance and how these can be overcome with potential combination strategies need to be addressed in future investigations. Along this line, it is critical for future trials to define appropriate endpoints to assess therapy responses as well as short and long-term toxicities in the growing and developing child.

References Powered by Scopus

The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary

12232Citations
N/AReaders
Get full text

Cancer-associated IDH1 mutations produce 2-hydroxyglutarate

3104Citations
N/AReaders
Get full text

Efficacy of larotrectinib in TRK fusion-positive cancers in adults and children

2152Citations
N/AReaders
Get full text

Cited by Powered by Scopus

DNA methylation-based classification of malformations of cortical development in the human brain

25Citations
N/AReaders
Get full text

Molecular Genetics and Targeted Therapies for Paediatric High-grade Glioma

19Citations
N/AReaders
Get full text

Biological and clinical implications of FGFR aberrations in paediatric and young adult cancers

9Citations
N/AReaders
Get full text

Register to see more suggestions

Mendeley helps you to discover research relevant for your work.

Already have an account?

Cite

CITATION STYLE

APA

Mueller, T., Stucklin, A. S. G., Postlmayr, A., Metzger, S., Gerber, N., Kline, C., … Mueller, S. (2020, December 1). Advances in Targeted Therapies for Pediatric Brain Tumors. Current Treatment Options in Neurology. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11940-020-00651-3

Readers' Seniority

Tooltip

PhD / Post grad / Masters / Doc 5

38%

Researcher 5

38%

Professor / Associate Prof. 3

23%

Readers' Discipline

Tooltip

Medicine and Dentistry 6

35%

Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Bi... 5

29%

Nursing and Health Professions 3

18%

Agricultural and Biological Sciences 3

18%

Save time finding and organizing research with Mendeley

Sign up for free