Optimalisasi Kemandirian Mencuci Tangan dalam Upaya Perawatan Jangka Panjang Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus di Sekolah Luar Biasa

Abstract

ABSTRAK Anak disabilitas atau anak berkebutuhan khusus memiliki kondisi yang berbeda dengan anak pada umumnya, dimana dalam proses pertumbuhan atau perkembangannya secara signifikan mengalami kelainan fisik, mental-intelektual, sosial dan emosional dibandingkan dengan anak-anak lain seusianya. Kondisi khsusus tersebut menyebabkan keluarga harus mampu memberikan perawatan jangka panjang agar anak tetap dapat mempertahankan tingkat fungsionalnya serta dapat mempertahankan kemampuannya sesuai hak-hak dasar dan martabat kemanusiaanya. Salah satu yang harus dibantu adalah mempertahankan kemandirian anak disabilitas dalam memenuhi kebutuhan dasar hidupnya, seperti menjaga kebersihan tangan agar anak dapat terhindar dari berbagai macam penyakit. Namun, anak berkebutuhan khusus tidak semuanya mandiri dalam melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari seperti menjaga kebersihan tangan. Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk membantu anak-anak berkebutuhan khusus dalam meningkatkan kemampuan dan kemandirian melakukan cuci tangan yang benar. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan melakukan pre dan post kemampuan anak dalam mencuci tangan yang benar, penyuluhan kesehatan, demonstrasi cuci tangan dan pendampingan langsung praktik cuci tangan. Berdasarkan hasil analisa data ditemukan adanya peningkatan kemampuan kemandirian anak mencuci tangan. Sebelum diberikan intervensi hanya 5 anak dari 19 orang yang bisa mencuci tangan mandiri dengan cara yang benar dan setelah diberikan intervensi meningkat menjadi 8 orang anak mampu mencuci tangan sendiri dengan langkah yang tepat. Bedasarkan hal tersebut, kegiatan pendidikan kesehatan dan pendampingan anak berkebutuhan khusus diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kemandirian anak dalam menjaga kebersihan tangan khususnya di sekolah luar biasa (SLB). Kata Kunci: Kemandirian, Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus, Mencuci Tangan  ABSTRACT Children with disabilities or children with special needs have different conditions from children in general, where in the process of growth or development they experience significant physical, mental-intellectual, social and emotional abnormalities compared to other children their age. These special conditions mean that families must be able to provide long-term care so that children can maintain their functional level and maintain their abilities in accordance with their basic rights and human dignity. One thing that must be helped is maintaining the independence of children with disabilities in meeting their basic life needs, such as keeping their hands clean so that children can avoid various diseases. However, not all children with special needs are independent in carrying out daily activities such as keeping their hands clean. This Community Service aims to help children with special needs improve their ability and independence to wash their hands properly. This activity is carried out by pre- and post-testing children's ability to wash their hands properly, health education, hand-washing demonstrations and direct assistance in hand-washing practices. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that there was an increase in children's independent ability to wash their hands. Before being given the intervention, only 5 children out of 19 were able to wash their hands independently in the correct way and after being given the intervention this increased to 8 children who were able to wash their own hands using the correct steps. Based on this, health education activities and assistance for children with special needs are needed to increase children's independence in maintaining hand hygiene, especially in special schools. Keywords: Ability, Children with Special Needs, Washing Hands