Monitoring and evaluation of groundwater quality and its mapping using GIS over Belagavi city, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Groundwater is a critical resource in the region for household, agricultural, and industrial reasons. However, the increasing population and rapid urbanization have led to potential pollution of groundwater sources. The objectives of the study are to ascertain the current groundwater quality, identify potential pollution sources, and develop a comprehensive GIS-based mapping system for effective management and decision-making. Water samples from several locations throughout the city were collected and examined for major physicochemical characteristics and pollutants. GIS was utilized to integrate and visualize the collected data, allowing for spatial analysis and mapping of groundwater quality. The mapping system will provide useful understandings into the distribution of water quality parameters, pollution hotspots, and potential risks to groundwater resources. The findings of this study will help to understand the state of groundwater quality in Belagavi. and provide a valuable tool for policymakers, urban planners, and water resource managers to implement targeted interventions for groundwater protection and sustainable management. Additionally, the GIS-based mapping system can be used as a framework for ongoing monitoring and evaluation, enabling timely detection of changes in groundwater quality and facilitating informed decision-making processes.