Halal Alternative Sources of Gelatin: A Review

Abstract

This article explores the growing interest in halal alternative sources of gelatin, driven by the need to provide suitable options for individuals adhering to Islamic laws. The overall methodology of this review involves a systematic examination using search engines from online databases, encompassing journals published from 2006 to 2023. The rationale for seeking alternatives beyond porcine gelatin is examined, considering religious and ethical considerations. Promising halal alternative sources are discussed, including animal-based gelatin, plant-based alternatives gelatin, aquatic animal-derived gelatin, microbial and fungal sources, as well as synthetic and recombinant gelatin. Each alternative is evaluated for its potential to meet halal requirements and applicability in various industries. The article also delves into the obstacles faced by the industry in adopting alternative gelatin sources, focusing on technological challenges and consumer acceptance. Technological challenges encompass replicating the functional properties of traditional gelatin, ensuring stability and shelf life, and addressing compatibility issues in diverse applications. Consumer acceptance and awareness pose challenges related to taste and texture perception, cultural and dietary preferences, and effective labelling and communication. Despite these challenges, the shift towards halal alternative sources of gelatin presents an opportunity for innovation in the food and pharmaceutical industries. It requires collaborative efforts between researchers, industry professionals, and regulatory bodies to overcome obstacles, ensure compliance with halal standards, and provide diverse consumer options following Islamic principles.