Design and Evaluation of a Quorum-Based Hierarchical Dissemination Algorithm for Critical Event Data in Massive IoTs

Abstract

The appearance IoT (Internet-of-Things) applications such as environmental monitoring, smart cities, and home automation has realized the IoT concept to reality at a massive scale. Mission critical event data dissemination in massive IoT networks imposes constraints on the message transfer delay between devices. Due to low power and communication range of IoT devices, event data is predicted to be relayed over multiple D2D (device-to-device) links before reaching the destination. The coexistence of a massive number of IoT devices poses a challenge in maximizing the successful transmission capacity of the overall network alongside reducing the multi-hop transmission delay in order to support mission critical applications. In this paper, we first propose an extended s-grid quorum: the xS-grid quorum and the ┣-shaped grid quorum, which are quorum structures that can be used in many different applications including decentralized consensus, distributed mutual exclusion, and replica control. Next, we propose a quorum-based hierarchical dissemination algorithm for critical event data executed on the edge-fog environment in massive IoTs. The proposed algorithm constructs xS-grid and ┣-shaped grid quorums in the overlay network on the edge nodes of the lower layer and the fog servers of the upper layer to support event dissemination, respectively. It supports reliable and guaranteed real-time data dissemination using the proposed algorithm. Then, the performance of quorum and algorithm which are proposed is evaluated through an analytical model.