Cancer incidence and mortality in Quito: information to monitor cancer control policies

Abstract

Introduction: Cancer represents a challenge for global public health, since it requires a comprehensive strategy for its control. In this context, the Population-Based Cancer Registries (PBCR) are key actors for the generation of public policies that guarantee their implementation. Objective: This study analyses the trend in cancer incidence and mortality rates in the city of Quito during the period 1985-2017 and discusses them within the framework of the National Strategy against cancer proposed in 2017 for Ecuador. Methods: Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates are established using data from the Quito PBCR. For trend analysis of selected locations, joinpoint regression and annual percentage change (APC) are used. Results: Throughout the study period, there was a sustained increase in both incidence rates (APC male= 2.0, 95% CI: 1.7-2.4; APC female= 2.0%, 95% CI: 1.4-2.6), as in mortality rates (APC male= 2.0%, 95% CI: 1.8-2.3; APC female= 1.3%, 95% CI: 1.1-1.6). Cancer incidence and mortality rates of the breast, prostate, colon-rectum, thyroid, and lymphoma increased, while the incidence rates of cervical and stomach cancer initially decreased, then stagnation was observed. Conclusion: The information presented by the PBCR of Quito serves as a reference for the prognosis of cancer in the country and as a baseline for its control. Actions are urgently required to strengthen cancer prevention and promotion strategies.