Structure of superclusters and supercluster formation

Abstract

The study of the spatial distribution of galaxies and clusters of galaxies in the southern galactic hemisphere is continued using Zwicky clusters as principal tracers of the large-scale structure. The densest condensations of matter, rich clusters, containing many radio sources and a high percentage of elliptical and S0 galaxies have been joined by slightly curved or straight chains of clusters of galaxies. Chains are moderately rich in E and S0 galaxies and contain radio sources. The planes joining neighboring chains are also populated by galaxies. Galaxies form thin strata here, containing no radio galaxies and a very low percentage of elliptical and S0 galaxies. The whole picture resembles cells. One cell wall with surrounding cluster chains can be taken for a supercluster. All clusters of galaxies and most galaxies are located in superclusters. Neighboring superclusters are in contact and contain common elements. The space inside the cell is void of clusters and almost void of galaxies. Arguments have been given suggesting that superclusters formed prior to the formation of galaxies or simultaneously with them.