Chronic cerebrospinal insufficiency, venous thoracic outlet syndrome, and superior vena cava syndrome are disease processes that are considered pathology of the deep upper venous system. The incidence, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management are discussed in this chapter.
CITATION STYLE
Desai, S. S., Mowatt-Larssen, E., & Cox, M. (2014). Upper deep vein disease. In Phlebology, Vein Surgery and Ultrasonography: Diagnosis and Management of Venous Disease (pp. 207–216). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01812-6_15
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