As the kidney is the major site for elimination of many cytokines, the delicate equilibrium of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their inhibitors is clearly dysregulated in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The consequences of the altered immune response in uremia lead to a state of persistent inflammation which is highly prevalent among CKD patients and is linked to complications such as the development of protein-energy wasting and atherosclerotic vascular disease. The present review aims at reviewing this complex orchestration of uremic cytokines beyond the well-studied interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Finally, we update our current understanding on anti-inflammatory treatment strategies in CKD patients, including nutritional and lifestyle measurements, pharmacological intervention and specific anticytokine strategies targeting the dialytic procedure. Copyright © 2008 S. Karger AG.
CITATION STYLE
Carrero, J. J., Yilmaz, M. I., Lindholm, B., & Stenvinkel, P. (2008, May). Cytokine dysregulation in chronic kidney disease: How can we treat it? Blood Purification. https://doi.org/10.1159/000126926
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