Anti-Metastatic And Anti-Proliferative Effect Of Clove Essential Oil Extract In Reduction Of Breast Cancer Cell

Abstract

Breast cancer is 2nd leading cause of death in developing countries, including Indonesia. Incidence of breast cancer continues to increase in worldwide and the mortality is increasing in developing countries too. This disease has heterogeneous and multifactorial character so the treatment is the key to reducing mortality and increasing life expectancy. Current treatment using chemotherapy turned to be toxic for a long time and had unwanted effects. Cloves are native to Maluku, Indonesia, which are widely used for medical purposes because its contain antimicrobial, antiseptic, and anesthetic compounds. Research in 2018 showed that clove extract was also able to reduce the growth and spread of cancer cells, especially breast cancer. The ease of making clove extract is an advantage that should not be wasted considering its potential. This study uses scooping review method to search various journals in English and Indonesian through Pubmed, Google Scholar and Scopus database in 2010-2019. The keyword used were “breast cancer” AND “eugenol” OR “breast cancer” AND “clove”.The studies showed that eugenol contained in cloves was able to inhibit proliferation of breast cancer cells in 4µM and 8µM with average inhibition is 76,4 % and doses of 5µM and 10µM with average inhibition is 68,1%. Eugenol capable to reduce matrix metalloprotein (MMP-2 and MMP-9) which play role in metastatic process and increase apoptosis genes Caspase-3, Caspase-7, and Caspase-9.Clove extract has potential to reduce breast cancer cells through anti-metastatic and anti-proliferative effect.