A Practical Model for Diplomacy and Negotiation: Steps 1–3—The Preliminary Stage

Abstract

Extract Chapters 2 and 3 propose a specifi c model for NGOs to consider when engaged in diplomacy. Steps 1 through 3 in Chap. 2 focus on the pre-negotiation period when proposals for negotiation are considered. Of special attention are the concepts of the study group and the decision memo. The former is a team that examines whether a diplomatic initiative is feasible and may present a plan of action. The latter is a tool for more senior decision makers to examine options presented by the Study Team, as well as the risks and potential rewards of success. 2.1 Introduction to the Model: Three Phases There are three phases to any negotiation: (a) pre-negotiation, (b) actual negotiations , and (c) post-negotiation or implementation. Chapters 2 and 3 cover a practical model for these activities. Chapter 2 covers pre-negotiation work and the process of deciding to engage in a negotiation. Chapter 3 covers the negotiation process, with recommendations on the formation of a delegation, as well as strategy and tactics. This chapter also includes thoughts on how various international instruments like declarations can be of value to NGOs. Chapter 4 covers the post-negotiation period, which often means fi nding ways of implementing an agreement or, in the case of an unsuccessful negotiation, rethinking the process. This model also contains a struc-tured series of steps across the chapters to manage the phases, each of which involves many players, especially the "team leader" and the "chief negotiator." In this book they are different people because the functions are different, though circumstances could justify combining them; however, regardless of the circumstances, keep in mind that the roles are different, even if done by a single offi cial (Fig. 2.1).