Socioeconomic status and metabolic syndrome in Southwest Iran: results from Hoveyzeh Cohort Study (HCS)

Abstract

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) strongly predicts morbidity and premature mortality, especially for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, the effect of these factors on Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is not clear yet. This study was conducted to assess the relationship between socioeconomic indicators and MetS. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 10,009 people aged 35–70 enrolled from May 2016 to August 2018. The MetS was defined according to The Standard National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)—adult treatment panel III (ATP III) or NCEP-ATP III criteria. Demographics and socioeconomic data were gathered face-to-face through trained interviews. Also, lab, anthropometrics, and blood pressure measurements were assayed for participants. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between SES and MetS, adjusted for the potential confounding factors. Results: The overall prevalence of MetS in the participants was 39.1%. The crude odds ratios were statistically significant for all the assessed variables (p < 0.05). After adjustment for age, sex, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol use as potential confounders, the results indicated significant direct independent associations between skill level (p = 0.006) and Townsend index (p = 0.002) with MetS. In contrast, no significant associations between educational level and wealth status with MetS. Conclusion: The results of our study showed that SES is related to MetS. Among the four assessed SES indicators, skilled levels and Townsend score are strongly associated with MetS. We recommend considering people's SES when interventional programs are planned and conducted on MetS in similar communities.