Effect of housing conditions and diet on the behavior of captive woolly monkeys (Lagothrix)

Abstract

The frequent capture of wild individuáis and illegal pet trade of woolly monkeys has become one of the main threats for this species in Colombia. As a consequence, these primates frequently arrive at captive centers and zoos, and in captivity they show a high mortality. Finding conditions that promote the expression of natural behaviors in captive animals is considered beneficial for their physi- cal and psychological well-being and a key step in rehabilitation and reintroduction programs. This study evaluates the effect of housing conditions and diet on the behavior of captive woolly monkeys in Colombia. Behaviors were quantified using focal animal sampling and instantaneous records. Comparisons were made to wild behavior patterns. Housing conditions were evaluated in terms of volume, den- sity, and environmental enrichment; and diet was evaluated in terms of consump- tion quantity, type, and nutrient composition. Results show that enclosures with a larger size and a higher level of environmental enrichment are associated with more natural behavior patterns. Results also suggest that food and nutrient deprivation may have a considerable negative effect on behavior. This study provides valuable knowledge for the conservation of captive woolly monkeys. Results from this study should be implemented into captive well-being and the development of rehabilitation and reintroduction programs for woolly monkeys.