Problems of children's disability in modern Russia

Abstract

Creation of system of early prophylaxis of children disability and support of the families bringing up disabled children and children with limited opportunities are among the main priorities of the Russian Federation state social policy. There are a number of problems requiring immediate solutions. Dynamics of children's disability in our country is characterized by process stagnation. The age and gender structure of children's disability practically doesn't change. The analysis of its nosological structure shows that alienations and disorders of behavior, illness of a nervous system and congenital anomalies of development steadily occupy more than 60% among the illnesses which caused disability of children of all age groups. There was a decrease in the prevalence of total disability in most classes of diseases, such as injuries, diseases of the genitourinary system, respiratory system, musculoskeletal system, digestive system and growth of disability caused by neoplasms and diseases of the endocrine system. The underestimation of children's disability bound to various reasons is supposed: social motivation of a family, complexity of legal veneering, strict requirements of service of medico-social examination, insufficient medical experts awareness on criteria of disability. Among disability formations risk factors the most discussed are the achievements of perinatology leading to improvement of nursing of prematurely born and small newborns, and wide uses of auxiliary genesial technologies. An important part of all preventive measures aimed at reducing the genetic load of population is prenatal and preimplantation diagnosis. It seems appropriate to extend the screening to congenital and hereditary metabolic diseases in neonatal period, including the most common nosological forms of infrequent illnesses. In solving problems of childhood disability prevention a priority should be given to development of services of family planning; improving antenatal and perinatal care; preventive work with healthy but having deviations in development children; development of medical genetic services; implementation of programs of different types of pathology screening.