Distribution of risk factors in parents and siblings of patients with early coronary artery disease

Abstract

Objective - Early coronary artery disease (CAD) is associated with risk factors (RF). Offspring of parents with a RF have a greaterprevalence of them. However, the distribution of RF in parents and siblings of patients with early CAD is unknown. Methods - The study comprised the parents and siblings of 42 patients with early CAD (≤45 years), 29 males. Their mean age was 39.5±3.7 years. The following major RF were analyzed. smoking (≥5 cigarretes/day), hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL), hypertension (diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg), and diabetes (glycemia ≥126 mg/dL). Results - Of a total of 102 RF, 4, 3, 2, and 1 were observed in, respectively, 5, 15, 15, and 7 patients with early CAD, the most prevalent being smoking (86%) and hypercholesterolemia (83%). Diabetes was observed in 15 (36%) and hypertension in 16 (38%) patients. Smoking was more prevalent in the fathers (76%) and hypercholesterolemia in the mothers (30%). In 183 siblings, 131 RF were observed (1 patient with the disease had a mean of 4.7 siblings). The prevalences of smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes in the siblings were, respectively, 32%, 18%, 14%, and 9%. The incidence of RF was as follows: 72 (39%) siblings had 1 RF, 25 (14%) siblings had 2 RF, and 3 (2%) siblings had 3 RF. In parents and their offspring, smoking was moderately correlated (r=0.43; P=0.02) with CAD. Conclusion - Smoking habit of parents is passed on to offspring, and, in association with hypercholesterolemia, it was the major cause of early CAD in offspring. High prevalence of smoking in offspring shows the potential responsibility of parents in the incidence of the disease in offspring.