Diaphragmatic Hernias

Abstract

Diaphragmatic hernias can be either congenital or acquired. Congenital hernias may be located either anterior (Morgagni) or posterolateral (Bochdalek). Acquired hernias occur due to chronic enlargement of a natural hiatus, typically the esophageal hiatus, or traumatic injury of the diaphragm. These hernias may be repaired either via transthoracic or transabdominal approaches, each of which have specific advantages and disadvantages. In the current day, a minimally invasive, transabdominal approach is the most common method used to repair these hernias. Other pathologies, such as diaphragmatic elevation or eventration, can be treated with techniques such as diaphragmatic plication.