Split-half reliability estimates of an online card sorting task in a community sample of young and elderly adults

Abstract

Executive function is vital for normal social, cognitive, and motor functions. Executive function decline due to aging increases the risk of disability and falls in older adults, which has become an urgent public health issue. Fast and convenient neuropsychological tools are thus needed to identify high-risk groups as early as possible to conduct a timely intervention. Card sorting tasks, such as Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) and its variants, are popular tools for measuring executive function. This study investigated the reliability of an open-source, self-administered, online, short-version card sorting task with a sample of young (n = 107, 65 females, age: M = 30.1 years, SD = 5.5 years) and elderly Chinese (n = 113, 53 females, age: M = 64.0 years, SD = 6.7 years). We developed an automated scoring and visualization procedure following the recent recommendations on scoring perseverative responses to make the results comparable to the standardized WCST. Reliability estimates of commonly used measures were calculated using the split-half method. All task indices' reliabilities were reasonably good in both old and young groups except for "failure-to-maintain-set." Elderly Chinese adults showed compromised task performance on all measures compared with the young Chinese adults at the group level. The R script of automated scoring and estimation of reliability is publicly available.