The bone biology and the nanotechnology for bone engineering and bone diseases

Abstract

The issues about the biology of bone tissue fascinate every researcher in the health area. Bone is a vital tissue and has a great mechanical strength and a remarkable resilience due to the compounds of its extracellular matrix. The bone matrix with organic and inorganic compounds is the starting point for the researchers who investigate the range of biomaterials applied in grafting procedures. Biomaterials are now produced at the nanoscale to work as a scaffold and facilitate bone repair, in an option to the autogenous graft. Different nanomaterials are being studied to apply in the treatment of various bone diseases including cancer. Nanomaterials as nanocarriers of drugs are being regarded as the safest system to treat cancer of bones, considering no side effects and tumor cells precision. Therefore, this chapter emphasizes all mechanisms of bone biology regarding healing and bone repair after application of nanomaterials, and also discusses the advancement of nanotechnology research in this area.