Geotechnical damage in the downstream reaches of the tone river in the 2011 east japan earthquake

Abstract

Features of the 2011 earthquake in Japan are characterized by predominance of the ground failure due to liquefaction and scour of the ground caused by Tsunami. Unprecedented long duration of the shaking combined with large aftershocks have generated the worst situations resulting in the extensive damage due to liquefaction over the Tokyo Bay and the downstream plain areas of the Tone River 300 ~ 400 km distant away from the epicentral area. In this paper, focus is placed on the characteristic features in the occurrence of liquefaction and consequent damage in the area of the downstream reaches of the Tone River.