Anatomy of the proximal femur

Abstract

A firm grasp of the anatomy of the proximal femur is required as a foundation to understand the treatment principles for fractures of this specific anatomical structure. The proximal femur undergoes significant developmental changes in utero and until puberty. These changes are responsible for producing a bone and joint that is responsible for supporting the entire bodyweight and providing efficient ambulation. Blood supply to the proximal femur is important to maintain viability of the femoral head in the case of femoral head and femoral neck fractures. Anatomical landmarks on the proximal femur are important to note as they have implications with regard to implant placement for fixation of fractures. Muscular origins and insertions are abundant about the proximal femur and play a role in creating deforming forces of the fracture fragments. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of proximal femoral anatomy that will provide a basis for understanding treatment principles discussed in subsequent chapters of this book.