Methods to Characterize Protein Interactions with β-Arrestin In Cellulo

Abstract

β-Arrestins 1 and 2 (β-arr1 and β-arr2) are ubiquitous proteins with common and distinct functions. They were initially identified as proteins recruited to stimulated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), regulating their desensitization and internalization. The discovery that β-arrs could also interact with more than 400 non-GPCR protein partners brought to light their central roles as multifunctional scaffold proteins regulating multiple signalling pathways from the plasma membrane to the nucleus, downstream of GPCRs or independently from these receptors. Through the regulation of the activities and subcellular localization of their binding partners, β-arrs control various cell processes such as proliferation, cytoskeletal rearrangement, cell motility, and apoptosis. Thus, the identification of β-arrs binding partners and the characterization of their mode of interaction in cells are central to the understanding of their function. Here we provide methods to explore the molecular interaction of β-arrs with other proteins in cellulo.