Integrating Health Belief Model, Technological Self-efficacy, and the PEN-3 cultural model: Conceptualizing the impact of culture and technology on aalth for advancing Sustainable Smart Health

Abstract

As people record, visualize, analyze, share, reflect on, etc. t air everyday life using digital and network technologies, how can researc ars and designers empower t am to engage both the technologies and aalth about t amselves? Though the Health Belief Model (HBM) has been used to explain and predict aalthrelated behaviors, and the Technological Self-efficacy (TSE), and the PEN-3 cultural model has been used as constructs of technological and cultural self-efficacy, it remains a challenging task to tease out the impact of cultural and technological factors for people to improve t air aalth conditions and well-being by taking direct and indirect actions. With the aim to develop a conceptual framework to overcome such a challenge, this study examined and selected a few constructs from the TSE and PEN-3 cultural models, respectively, and t an use t am to enrich the HBM so that the impact of cultural and technological factors can be better integrated and examined. The integrated model can be used as an analysis tool for both researc ars and designers to identify first the relevant cultural and technological factors (using selected constructs), and t an formulate and t an test hypot ases regarding how t ase factors shape t air aalth and technology actions (using the causal modeling of the enric ad HBM).T a integrated model proposed and illustrated in this study shows the ways in which both cultural and technological factors can be conceptualized to explain and predict aalth-related behaviors via perceived beliefs (often related to technology and aalth). For example, self-tracking visualization involves both cultural and technological factors that may facilitate or impede aalth-related behaviors.