Global maternity benefits and their impact on maternal and child well-being

Abstract

Maternity benefits across the globe vary widely by country. In some countries, they include health benefits for mother and child, medical leave, and/or access to infant care support, although in other countries benefits are rather limited. In this chapter, we provide an overview of global maternity benefits that are legally required within countries and discuss the evidence pertaining to their effectiveness in promoting maternal and child well-being. Following a brief description of maternity policies in different countries, we reviewed the global similarity and variances in these policies. Although maternity benefits are beneficial in improving maternal and child well-being, it may not affect all outcomes equally and positively. By summarizing the maternity policies’ influence on mothers’ work choices, psychological/mental health, and child health, we provide a holistic picture of the benefits and costs of maternity leave. We also comment on the methodological barriers to the study of maternity benefits and end with a list of suggestions for researchers, policy makers, and organizations.