Quantitative Assessment of Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Devices on Visibility, Spreadability, and Durability as Corneal Wetting Agents for the Wet Shell Technique

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) as corneal wetting agents for the wet shell technique, a common procedure in Japan to maintain the wettability of corneal surfaces. Methods: We surveyed Japanese ophthalmologists to determine the current state of the wet shell technique. After developing three ex vivo testing methods, we evaluated the corneal wetting properties of OVDs including 3% hyaluronic acid (HA) solution and OVD products, Opegan, Opelead, Viscoat, Shellgan, Discovisc, and Opegan-Hi. Results: Overall, 214 ophthalmologists (70%) had performed the wet shell technique, and 91% of ophthalmologists who performed vitreous surgery had performed this technique. Using a questionnaire, we evaluated the performance of OVD as corneal wetting agents as follows: (i) visibility, smoothness of OVD surface; (ii) spreadability, coverage of the cornea; and (iii) retention durability, residual ratio of OVD on the corneal surface. The smoothness and spreadability of Opegan, Opelead, and 3% HA were superior to other OVDs. Adding an appropriate amount of balanced salt solution to the other OVDs improved smoothness and spreadability similar to that of Opelead or 3% HA. Shellgan and Viscoat, combination OVDs consisting of 3% HA and 4% chondroitin sulfate, showed high retention durability, resulting in remaining longer on the cornea compared with other OVDs. Conclusions: Physical properties of OVDs tested in this study may provide useful information for ophthalmologists to select a suitable OVD when performing the wet shell technique.