Possible neuromodulating role of different grape (Vitis vinifera L.) derived polyphenols against Alzheimer’s dementia: treatment and mechanisms

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease for which there are no effective pharmaceutical drugs; their action is restricted only to symptomatic relief. Recently, it was evidenced that therapeutic interventions may delay or prevent the progression of age-related neurocognitive decline. Grape is one of the most cultivated traditional fruits in the entire world; grape-derived extracts showed several biological activities that counteract the neurodegenerative damage of AD. Grape-derived extracts are natural sources of polyphenols that could sustain a healthy brain aging through exerting anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and anti-amyloidogenic activities. In the present review, we highlight the mechanisms underlying the neuromodulating capacity of grape-derived polyphenolic extracts and compounds, especially grape seed extract, grape leaves extract, and resveratrol. However, more research work is required to estimate the most active therapeutic extracts and compounds and their brain bioavailability.