Primary Immunodeficiency in a 74-Year-Old Male With Chronic Productive Cough: A Rare Case of Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Abstract

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency. It presents with variable degrees of immunodeficiency resulting in a variety of clinical presentations and complications. This report describes the case of newly diagnosed CVID in a 74-year-old man with no history of recurrent infections or hospitalizations. He presented with chronic productive cough, wheezing, shortness of breath and fatigue. Physical examination showed bilateral rhonchi and scattered wheezes. Pulmonary function tests showed moderate obstructive defect with partial reversibility and decreased diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Chest computed tomography (CT) showed bilateral lower lobe peribronchial thickening and mildly enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinum and upper abdomen. Bronchoscopy with alveolar lavage was done and respiratory samples grew Moraxella. He had negative acid fast bacillus stain and negative tuberculosis and fungal cultures. He received a course of antibiotics resulting in brief improvement in symptoms followed by another exacerbation. Repeat sputum cultures grew Pseudomonas. Further testing showed severely depressed levels of immunoglobulin. His symptoms ultimately improved with immunoglobulin replacement therapy. A broad differential, including CVID, needs to be considered in working up a patient with a chronic productive cough and recurrent lower respiratory tract infection.