Contribution of level of education, employment, and ethnicity on the integration of Muslims and Christians in Central Lampung

Abstract

This study explores data on the contribution of level of education, employment, and ethnicity to the integration of Muslims and Christians in Central Lampung, by looking at the sociological dynamics of integration between adherents of Islam and those of Christianity. The group integration is divided into two—majority-minority and balanced group—based on religious adherence. Data were collected using observation, interviews, and questionnaires consisting of favorable and unfavorable. The data collected were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitative analysis was carried out using one-way analysis of variance, while qualitative analysis was adopted logical thinking, including induction, deduction, analogy, and comparison. The results of the study show that there are differences in integration between groups of people with a composition of minority-majority and balanced religious adherents that the majority-minority community group has a higher quality of integration than the balanced group. The education variable shows that the level of education has a positive correlation with the level of integration; the higher the education, the higher the quality of integration. The job variable does not have a significant effect, but the overall average value is above the hypothetical average value. Ethnic variables show variations in the quality of integration; Batak and Javanese ethnicities have high integration quality; Palembang ethnicity is moderate and Lampung ethnic has low integration quality. The integration of Muslims and Christians in Central Lampung is formed by group awareness, complementary subsystems and the presence of institutions, which become catalysts so that mechanical solidarity is formed. Differences between them are recognized but not given important meaning in the relationship between them. Penelitian ini menggali data tentang kontribusi tingkat pendidikan, pekerjaan, dan etnis terhadap integrasi pemeluk agama Islam dan Kristen di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah, dengan melihat dinamika sosiologis integrasi antarpemeluk agama Islam dan pemeluk agama Kristen. Integrasi kelompok dimaksud dibagi menjadi dua, mayoritas-minoritas, dan kelompok berimbang, berdasarkan kepemelukan agama. Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan angket, terdiri dari favourable dan unfavourable. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Analisis kuantitatif dilakukan dengan teknik analisis variansi satu jalur, sedangkan analisis kualitatif, dilakukan dengan mempergunakan pemikiran logis, meliputi induksi, deduksi, analogi dan komparasi. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan integrasi antara kelompok masyarakat dengan komposisi kepemelukan agama mayoritas-minoritas dan seimbang, bahwa kelompok masyarakat mayoritas-minoritas memiliki kualitas integrasi lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok seimbang. Variabel pendidikan menunjukkan bahwa tinggkat pendidikan memiliki hubungan yang positif dengan tingkat integrasi, semakin tinggi pendidikan akan semakin tinggi pula kualitas integrasi. Variabel pekerjaan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan akan tetapi keseluruhan nilai rata-rata berada di atas nilai rata-rata hipotetik. Variabel etnis menunjukkan adanya variasi kualitas integrasi, etnis Batak dan Jawa termasuk memiliki kualitas integrasi yang tinggi, etnis Palembang sedang dan etnis Lampung memiliki kualitas integrasi rendah. Integrasi pemeluk Agama Islam dan Kristen di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah terbentuk dari adanya kesadaran kelompok, subsistem yang saling melengkapi dan hadirnya lembaga yang menjadi katalisator, sehingga terbentuk solidaritas mekanis, perbedaan diantara mereka diakui tetapi tidak diberi makna penting dalam hubungan antarmereka.