Load Frequency Control of One and Two Areas Power System Using Grasshopper Optimization Based Fractional Order PID Controller

Abstract

In this paper, grasshopper optimization based fractional order PID controller for load frequency control of single and multi-area power system is presented. It is paramount to minimize large frequency deviation in power system control. Large frequency deviation occurs when the parameter values of the various generating units of the power system like generators, turbine and governors keeps changing due to numerous on/off witching in the load side. As such, for a more realistic study, nonlinearities and boiler dynamics has been introduced into the power system design and measures also put in place to mitigate large frequency deviation. This is because large frequency deviation can damage equipment at the generation level and the consumer devices at the distribution level. Anti-windup control will then be used to compensate the effects of the nonlinearities. The gain of the FOPID controller will be optimized using grasshopper optimization algorithm and objective function for minimization is the Integral Square Error (ISE). The Errors to be minimized are the summation of frequency deviation, tie-line power deviation and the area control errors. Simulations were carried out on the designed power system using MATLAB/Simulink and results obtained show a significant improvement in mitigating frequency deviation. However, the proposed method took a longer time to balance the generated power and load demand. This is because the proposed method considers boiler dynamics and nonlinearities in the power system designed and results were compared with other designed method for power system without nonlinearities.