Neuroendocrine functions, mood and quality of life

Abstract

The neuroendocrine system and the distribution of hormones through the brain and their modulatory role and influence in behaviour and mood have been studied for a long time. The most evident changes associated with mood disorders are in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA), the hypothalamic-pituitary- thyroid (HPT), the hypothalamic-pituitary-GH (HPGH) and the hypothalamic- pituitary-gonadal (HPGn) axes. Hypotheses referring to the psychophysiological meaning and the development of these alterations are discussed. In order to improve the quality of life for patients suffering from mood disorders, it would be important to define which specific hormonal axes contribute to mood symptoms and which medications that normalize neuroendocrine function are conditioning the impact of mood symptoms. The identification and detailed characterization of these pathways will ultimately lead to the development of novel neuropharmacological intervention strategies. Future directions for research are described. All data derived from studies focusing on central neuropeptidergic circuits and peripheral hormone systems add to the understanding of the pathophysiology of mood disorders and indicate the importance of investigating neuroendocrine dysfunctions in psychiatric patients both to ensure proper diagnosis and adequate pharmacotherapies © 2007 springer.