Mesenchymal stem cells in lung diseases and their potential use in COVID-19 ARDS: A systematized review

Abstract

COVID-19 can converge with the pro-inflammatory immunoregulatory mechanisms of chronic lung diseases. Given the disorders inherent to lung transplantation and the inexistence of other definitive therapeutic alternatives, Adipose tissue-derived Stem Cells (ASCs) presented themselves as a therapeutic hope. The purpose of this review is to assess the basis for the potential use of ASCs in lung diseases unresponsive to conventional therapy, relating to their possible use in COVID-19 ARDS. 35 studies comprised this review, 14 being narrative reviews, 19 preclinical trials and two proofs of concept. COVID-19 can converge with the pro-inflammatory immunoregulatory mechanisms of chronic lung diseases. In view of the disorders inherent to lung transplantation and the inexistence of definitive therapeutic alternatives, Adipose tissue-derived Stem Cells (ASCs) presented themselves as a therapeutic hope. Its detailed reading indicated the absence of serious adverse effects and toxicity to the administration of ASCs and suggested possible effectiveness in reducing lung damage, in addition to promoting the recovery of leukocytes and lymphocytes with its immunomodulatory and anti-apoptotic effects. The revised clinical data suggests optimism in the applicability of ASCs in other immunoinflammatory diseases and in severe COVID-19 ARDS. However, further studies are needed to develop a consensus on the methods of collection of ASCs, the ideal dosage schedule, the most effective time and route of administration, as well as on the definition of indications for the administration of ASCs in cases of COVID-19 for conducting clinical trials in near future.