Complications of tattooing and scarring

Abstract

Tattooing has become widespread in the Western cultures in recent years. The large spectrum of side effects related to tattooing will be reviewed in this chapter. The manifestations can be mild and localized, or severe and systemic, and transient, intermittent, or persistent, with an infectious or a noninfectious origin. More in particular chronic granulomatous reactions are a challenge for differential diagnosis and treatment. Tattoos can interfere with medical investigations and sports. Itch and photosensitivity are common complaints. Tattoo-related adverse events can disturb daily life, influence social behavior, and have an impact on quality of life comparable to chronic skin diseases. Black henna tattoos containing paraphenylenediamine are responsible for many allergic manifestations. Temporary tattoos with Genipa americana extracts cause allergic reactions. Other body-modifying techniques can result in permanent disfiguring scars. Customers, body art professionals, and healthcare practitioners should be aware of possible side effects and contraindications.